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They breed in the arid inland areas in Mongolia and northern China and then migrate south into coastal parts of south-east Asia and northern Australia. After good rains we get a variety of locusts and this will attract various insect-feeding birds from afar. Here are some photos of a lone Oriental Plover on Cable Beach.
The Brown-headed Gull is a bird of Asia, breeding from Turkmenistan to Mongolia, and winters along the coasts of Asia. This gull is closely related to, and necessary to separate from, the Black-headed Gull , a bird familiar to any birder from Europe (or even just anyone from Europe!). Notice the white iris.
The HBW even mentions the importance of Ruoergai for this species: “Key sites for migrants include the Ruoergai Plateau (China), which is also an important breeding area” Common Mergansers also seem to use these wetlands as breeding area.
The Black-tailed Godwits that we observe here in Australia breed in east Siberia and Mongolia. In non-breeding plumage they are almost brown, but add a reddish brown colour when they are in breeding plumage. All of the migratory shorebirds make incredible journeys around the world to breed.
This species, one of the heaviest birds able to fly, was once common through most of southern and central Europe and all the way to Mongolia, but was driven to extinction by hunting and changes in agricultural practises in most of its European range during the 19th and early 20th century.
I am not sure about the security situation in Iraq these days but at least some people do ornithological research there – resulting in papers such as one titled “Breeding observations of the Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus (Desfontaines , 1789) in Iraq” Impressive.
Baicalensis inhabits southern Siberia around lake Baikal and ranges into the northern half of Mongolia. you know … birds can vary, and who knows how exactly those transitional plumages between winter and breeding may look like. And then you have baicalensis (the 9th form, which means you’ve made it through).
This species might indeed merit a bit more research – the only paper I found on its breeding looked at only 7 nests (of which 3 failed). BirdingAsia has a report on the first Rosy Pipit seen in Mongolia. Being wet seems to help, though.
While the scientific name of the Snowy Owl, Bubo scandiacus suggests that the species has a specific connection to Scandinavia, it really has a circumpolar distribution – its breeding grounds are in the arctic tundra, and some of the birds winter somewhat further south.
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