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J. J. C. Smart on the Moral Elite

Animal Ethics

This last implies of course an improvement in ethics, as opposed to morality, as I have defined it, unless we already understand 'Do as you would be done by' as applicable to whales, cattle, chickens, and so on, as it is to human beings. Smart , "Ethics and Science," Philosophy 56 [October 1981]: 449-65, at 453 [italics in original])

Morals 40
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From Today's New York Times

Animal Ethics

2, 2009 The writer is dean of the College of Natural, Applied and Health Sciences at Kean University. Yet the turkey she raises is a much smaller factor in advancing global warming than the cattle on her ranch because they produce meat much more efficiently. Birds need only a fraction of the food that cattle do to gain a pound of meat.