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But here I want to note, and for now, dismiss, a find from Madagascar. It was always thought that humans first inhabited the island of Madagascar about four or five thousand years ago or so. It was after that date that many of the great and strange animals of that island went extinct, presumably because of human hunting.
Are humans a part of nature or a force (sometimes benevolent, more often destructive) that acts upon it? Madagascar: The Last Inheritor of Gondwana tries to walk the “all of the above” line, which is sometimes satisfying, sometimes disconcerting, and sometimes outright frustrating. It depends on perspective and context.
I have thoroughly explored vast parts of the continent as well as neighboring Madagascar, in the process seeing over 2,000 birds on the continent and all but one Malagasy endemic. Madagascar’s mammals are equally remarkable; over 100 species of endearing lemurs and bizarre carnivores amongst them!
Last week we talked about the human “snowbird” migration, in which thousands of northerners flock south to the Sun Belt of the United States to escape the frozen wasteland their home states and provinces will turn into from about November through March or later.
Most were introduced, meaning they were brought to Florida by humans. However, captive-reared mallards are being unlawfully released by humans in large numbers in Florida. The Meller’s Duck is highly endangered in its native Madagascar. Exotic species are animals that did not historically occur in Florida.
This comprehensive book features concise identification descriptions and is richly illustrated—including more than 650 colour photos of habitats and their wildlife, 150 distribution maps, 200 diagrams, and 150 silhouettes depicting each habitat alongside a human figure.
Madagascar, however, has had more than its fair share of extinct or lost species and Madagascar Pochard was firmly on this list. Previously common at its only known site, Lake Aloatra, into the 1930’s, the introduction of numerous exotic fish species and human disturbance led to massive population declines.
If there are human fishing activities then all the better – Marabous will gather in numbers around fishermen’s docks and fish markets, in fact anywhere where fish are cleaned and scraps disposed of, allowing these intelligent birds to obtain a free meal. Its range also extends to nearby Madagascar.
As is often the case, I marvel at the weird German names of species – in this case, “ Schuppenstirn-Zweigdrossling “ Hearing birds in a noisy environment can be difficult – and the noise often does not come from humans but from nature itself, cicadas being particularly obnoxious.
In fact, the Dodo belonged to a clade (sometimes called Raphini) of 15 remarkable, bizarre, intriguing island-adapted pigeons, some of which are still alive today, but eight of which have been hacked from the tree of life, driven to extinction by humans. The Dodo lived on Mauritius, an island east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.
Well, actually the study does not really call these mistletoe nesters stupid – that would be a bit too unkind, apparently – but rather states that “nesting in mistletoe may be maladaptive” Somehow this seems like a good moment to mention the Darwin Awards but as far as I know, they are only given to humans, not to animals.
A bit of background: Pink Pigeons are medium-sized, pink/gray/ brown birds found on the island of Mauritius, Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar. Is it any wonder that Pink Pigeons were on the brink of extinction when humans intervened? The thunder of wings made shouting necessary for human communication” (p.54).
The name Drongo comes from the language of Madagascar, where it is used for a local species – the word is now used to name a whole bird family. Even though I usually side with eBird (they seem more human to me, see the woodpecker description above), in this case, the HBW description probably makes more sense.
A young bird contemplates a future of attacking humans in a funny field. It’s actually a member of the family Artamidae, which includes the woodswallows (not actually swallows), the butcherbirds (not actually shrikes) and the peltops (which actually are peltops, since there are no others).
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